Psychology of Mathematics Learning
This meeting we will discussed about introduction of psychology of mathematics learning. Psychology is something that mysterious, the theorems of psychology are so mysterious and there is no one who understood about 100% absolute or fixed about the theorem of psychology.
Actually theorems of psychology is discussed and talked about human thinking and behavior. The purpose of uncover the psychological phenomenon is to build a theorem. And one of the theorems in psychological is don’t be a machine.
Every science must have an object as a contents and methods as a container. There is difficult to uncover the psychological phenomenon, so, we must take a respect to the students. As a teacher we must learn to try to be aware or realize of the limitation our self to understanding the student wants. In this section I have a question about “how to give a respect to the students so make them can uncover they self and can accept what is teacher has explained in the class and how to understanding what the students want in the class?”
The characteristic is a relation. The purpose of psychology is to identified the phenomenon, to explain it means explained the phenomenon in the psychological phenomenon, to operate how to implementation the phenomenon.
Psychology of mathematics is one of object mathematics learning, like a psychological in general psychology of mathematics learning is having a method. Because every science or knowledge must have an object and method like has been explained in the first. Then, the in the psychology of mathematics learning an object have an object to as a contained and a method as a container or the formal object. The material of an object can be dividing as a real, abstract, permanent/constant, change, or be union.
There is very difficult to uncover the phenomenon of psychology. And as a teacher we must realize that we have a limitation in understanding the students so we must respect the students. The highest of a knowledge/science is to realize and to understand the lack of our self. And the lowest of a knowledge/science is an arrogant of self.
The way to draw a tree can help us to imagine about the character, to know the characteristic we draw a tree it also known as a deviation when the predicate explain the subject. The characteristic is a relationship, and for the relationship we don’t know about the relation of some characteristic. The highest of the relation of the human is something same with the needed of the human. There is no one of the humans in this world is do not have a relation each other, because the entire thing in this world is the creative power of a God (Ultimate). For the example if we want to know the relation of a rock and a water, sun and moon, eye and air, something is real and something is abstract is same together to think or antithesis.
Question and Answer about Psychological of Mathematic Learning
In this meeting, we will discus about the question and answer by the students in the psychology class. It means that we make a question about the psychological of mathematic learning and then we exchange the question each other, then we try to answer the question from other friends.
For beginning we start from the question from Dessy Kristianto and have been answered by Nawang Sita and have addition explanations about the answer by Lina Wulandari. And the answered is as a teacher we do not be a machine then, this thing must be changed with changed the method of the learning especially the way of the teacher explaining the lesson. How to understand about the psychology of the children? We must try to make a nearest way to open up the students. It can be to do with some interview to the students, what they want to make them happily study in the class and clearly with the explanation of the students, and this method can be helpful by the parents of the students to help the teacher the characteristic of the student.
Every science/knowledge is must have relevance/relation with category.
Then next question is how to know the way of understanding the indication that students feel when in the class? One of the way to understanding what the students feel in the class is we can see the response, they behavior, and the attention of them.
How to handling the students that really difficult to arrange? We can handling the students by try to closer the students and try to make the students open up they self what they fell and what they want to help the students in learning in the class.
The indication of psychological can about heart, mind and soul. Something that is impossible to do is if we try to teach by the old method, that is when the teacher teaches in the class and try to understand the indication of the psychology or what the students feel. So we must to promote the method that effective and innovative.
We as a recruit of a teacher must be change the old method of the teacher that transfers the knowledge become to construct their own knowledge.
Studying can be done in anywhere and anytime and continue as the character of the study itself. To know what the students thinking is we can try one way that is make some LKS to uncover what students think, and how far students take the lesson in the class.
Communication is one of psychological aspects. From Emmanuel Kahn, Mr. Marsigit said that world is something that is your own thinking. Psychology is some application. And from Katagiri, mathematical thinking divides as mathematical attitude, mathematical method, and mathematical content.
One of the value of live is you are have a value because your uniquely. And you can have a meaning if you’re in your own group.
Why if someone teach in the school as KKN teacher, there is have same problems that the teacher do not have any respect or attention by the students it because of crisis of believe from the students. And to be teachers that reluctant by the students try to do not be a purpose but be if-then.
An authentic theorem is passing by limit space and time. Limitation is a management. Emotion can divide as positive emotion and negative emotion. And to control our emotion we can try with pray to the God.
Refleksi Lanjutan
In this meeting, we will discuss again about the question of mathematics learning. If we talked about the mathematics education it can said that we talk about the container and the content. And as the content is mathematics learning itself. Mathematics learning is made up of the paradigm of mathematics education.
If we have different paradigm then we think in different way too. The best way to learn psychology is more practice. For example, if we have different paradigm then we think in different way is we have night and day, that is different context, context as container then make a different thinking. A space and container determine the context than the contents. In society something which makes difference the container is sociology.
The expository cycle that is to explain, to give example, to assignment, homework is just to deliver. And we must change the expository cycle to various methods that to facilitate all student learn.
In this era, the students or child who have psychic defect have a container too, because they have a human right. And we as a candidate of a teacher, we must do something pedagogic in a sincere without pressure and claim of profession. The methods of learning that is some research and the changing methods of learning and the paradigm of the Indonesian people who have traumatic because the stigma. If we have done be a stigma then all the thing who have relation with the bad stigma in the past will become bad too, for the example of the bad stigma that Indonesian people felt is G 30 S PKI.
Auguste Comte in 18 century has made a view about some country. First are technology then religion and then philosophy. And the view of Indonesian people is first spiritual, then normative, formal and the last is material. Technology is in normative or in a formal. And the ‘dajal’ of view from Auguste Comte or in some country like United State of America is post post modern (power now) in 19 century, post modern in 18 century, modern in 17 century, feudal, traditional, tribal, archaic. And the religion in the view of United State of America is in traditional. It is very different between the Indonesian views and Americans view because Indonesian peoples more importance the religion than the other.
Well, actually there is a distance that is nice and bad, right and wrong there is also a distance. Indonesian nation as a traumatic experience not easily see the process. So, we should follow the example of Japanese people with a scheme that could change, make the scheme to cover the ugliness. Such as guideline on Japan that to take a goods and beneficial.
The active from teaching way is depending on our self. And mathematics is have a meaning to teacher to know the students mathematics and then develop it.
Proposal for Doing Small Research to Uncover Psychological Phenomenon of Students Learning Mathematics in Junior High School
Title
“Peer Influence on behavior of Students Learning Mathematics in Junior High School”
Background
Adolescence is a time full of problems, and most of them have the emotion that is still unstable, so sometimes impact the direction of negative or violating the norms of society.
Youth is a time in the level of emotion that is very easy to change from positive thinking then can become negative. Youth have characteristics that is full ambition and drive very erratic emotions or can be called an unstable period. (Hendro Yulianto, 2010)
Teenagers as a human being grow and continue to do good social interaction between teenagers as well as against other neighborhoods, with adaptation teens will gain recognition as a new group members present in the surrounding environment. And even they would be willing to follow the habits that made by a group of teens.
In teenage relationship, they needs to be accepted for each individual are something that is absolutely as a social creature. Every child who enters the teenage years will be faced with social adjustment problems, which include peer interaction problems. Formation of attitudes, behaviors and adolescence social behavior is determined by environmental influences or peers. If the social environment that facilitate or provide the opportunities to the youth in a positive, then the teenagers will reach a mature social development. And if the social environment provides opportunities negatively to adolescents, the adolescent’s social development will be hampered. (Devy Irawati, 2002)
There are two kinds of students are influenced by peer pressure especially in learning mathematics, the first group are the group who are happy to studying mathematics and this group can explain more clearly, easily understandable and enjoyable to other friends that can effect another students to happily studying mathematics and feel that mathematics is not really scared but fun. And the second is the group who only considers mathematics is hard and had a negative previous thinking on these subjects and talked bad about difficulties of mathematics to his friends or vilifies teacher who is less able to explain the lesson more easily or the teacher who are “killer”.
From description above background, the author interested in conducting research on “peer influence on behavior of students learning mathematics in junior high school”
So, the conclusion of that is “whether the peers can influence the behavior of students learning mathematics?”
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of peers on behavior of students in junior high school and to know the interaction of peers in junior high school.
The benefits of the research is to be the material information for relevant agencies in an effort to improve education quality, to information materials for the community so that they can provide information to the students to be more motivated to learn and minimize the negative effect that arise and maintain a positive influence, and be information material for research in applied science that has been grained during the lecture.
Theoretical Review
Humans are essentially social being. Since birth he needs interaction with others. If an individual began to mingle with his peers, he was no longer just accepting that social contact, but he can also provide social contacts. And then try to understand that in the group of there play around has certain rules, social norm’s in accordance with group interaction.
In a large Indonesian dictionary, peers interpreted as comrades, friends or people who are both working or doing. (Anonymous, 2002). From another dictionary, peers can define as a person who is equal standing with another in group. (Anonymous, 2010)
In my opinion, peer is a group of children or adolescents age of interacting and involving considerable familiarity.
Peer group is an initial interaction for children and adolescents in the social environment. They begin to learn mingle and interact with others who are not members of his family. Association is the ways interact or socialize to the environment or a particular community. Association is important because it is one way to socialize with peers. (Lesa Mutiara, 2010)
A number of studies have recommended how social relationships with peers have a meaning that is essential for personal growth. One function of peer groups is most important to provide a source of information and comparison about the world outside the family. Children or adolescents receiving feed back about their abilities from peer group. Evaluate whether they do better, equal or worse than done by other kids.
According to the experience of the authors peer influence very much especially in learning the lesson, and this case the lesson which is already known among the students is difficult, mathematics. From experience that the author found that is, if there are daily test at school repetition and example of each class held different opinions from other classmates will be very influential, if his opinion is good then confidence and optimism would rise and passion to learn, but if otherwise then there would be only pesiminisme and feeling afraid to do the best next day.
From the research children indicated more negative emotional responses toward disliked peers than other peers, and ratings of their behavior indicated that responses to negative behaviors or disliked children were more active than those to peers or different relationship. (David D. Delawyer, Sharon L. Foster, 2001)
In addition to the family environment that influence to development of an individual if the individual has been interacting with other individuals is social environment. The social environment is an environment in which an individual began to interact with other individuals outside the family. The social environment is meant peers. Peers are hanging out a child’s environment and through interaction with peers, individuals will meet and start hanging out with her friends with a pattern of behavior that is different, so that through these interaction each individual will understand each other desires and often individual will form groups if the behavior of his friends has been deemed suitable.
Peer interaction can affect behavior. Influence can be positive influence and can also be negative effects. Positive influence in question is when an individual with their peers performs useful activities such as forming study groups and adherence to the norms of society. While the negative effects that is intended to be a violation of social norms, and the school environment in the forms of violation of school rules, from teenage peers to receive feedback about their abilities. Teenagers tend to follow the opinion of the group and assume that his group was always right. Then tendency to join with peers motivated by desire to be independent, as revealed by Hurlock in Mu’tadin (2002), that through peer relation. Ship teens think independently, make their own decisions, take or even reject the views and values that come from family and studying patterns of acceptable behavior within the group.
Method of Research
Aim
This study aims to determine the symptoms that occur in self-respondents. This study tried to determine the factors that may affect the incident.
Object
Object in this research are a number of junior high school students.
Instrument
Data collection instrument used in this study are as follows:
Questionnaires, namely granting a number of question to the respondents (students) to know the effect of peer interaction on learning behavior of students in particular subjects of mathematics and whether the friend was also influenced by favorite subject were mathematics.
Direct interviews with some students.
Analysis Data
To analyze the data we can use statistics.
Determine the average of studying result, the variance, and standard deviation.
Make some simple analysis about the peer influence on behavior of students learning mathematics with simple regression, that is Y ̂=a+bx , where:
Y ̂ = the subject variable bunch which project
x= Free variable which have same value to the predict
a= Constant value of Y if x= 0
b= Value of direction as prediction which show the value increase (+) or decrease (-) variable Y
Make a hypothesis that: “There is significant influence between peer interactions with student’s teaching in particular subjects that is mathematics in junior high school.”
Statistical hypothesis can be formulated as follows:
Ho: p=0
H1 : p≠0
Where
Ho: no significant effect of peer interaction with the behavior of students learning mathematics at junior high school.
H1: there is any significant influence among peers with the behavior of students learning mathematics at junior high school.
References
Devy Irawati. 2002. Remaja (http://digilib.gunadarma.ac.id/90-php?id=jiptumm-gd1-s1-2002-devy-8676-remaja)
Susyla Nyingsih. 2001. Pengaruh Teman Sebaya terhadap Perilaku Siswa pada SLTP Negeri 1 Wakarumba Selatan (http://hasmansulawesi1.blogspot.com/2009/03/pengaruh-temansebaya-terhadap-perilaku.html)
Hendro Yulianto. 2010. Perkembangan Remaja (http://id.shvoong.com/writing-and speaking/self-publishing/230412-perkembangan remaja/)
Lesa Mutiara. 2010. Pergaulan Remaja (http://edukasi.kompasiana.com/2010/09/30/pergaulan-remaja/)
David D. Delawyer, Sharon L. Foster. 2001. Remaja, Episentrum Psikologi (Psychological Assessment) (http://episentrum.com/artikel-psikologi/remaja/#more-213)
http://dictionare.com/peers
www.informaurld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a783759508~frm=abslink)
Reflection
Phenomenon of mathematics can be divide into two kinds that is disaster (not read yet) and amusing (reading).
The Indonesian people view about psychology and philosophy that is first transcendental/ God, then philosophy of life include philosophy of mathematics and then mathematical thinking.
The essence of mathematics: definition
Mathematics is:
- Body knowledge
- Science of truth
- Structure of truth
- Process of thinking
- Social activities
For the definition about mathematics above the first until the third of the definition inclined to the axiomatic mathematics.
The essence of students:
- Empty barrel
- Built/construct a character
- Students orientation
- To built/ plants, it’s like to plant
The theorem of student’s ability:
- Talented and effort
- Talent
- Talent development
- Need
- Aspect of culture, relatives
The essence of Learning Mathematics (Ernest, 1991)
Feedback, Critics Reformulation
Publication new concept
Subject knowledge Social Interaction object knowledge
New concept representation
Reformulation
Conceptual problem
1. Philosophical ground
2. Problem of teaching
a. Traditional
b. Innovative, is mean constructive teaching
The nature of the school mathematics divides into two kinds that are inside and outside. In realistic of mathematics in school in inside is vertical and realistic mathematics in school in outside is horizontal. The essences of school mathematics are pattern and relationship, problem solving, investigation, and communication.
Refleksi dari perkuliahan umum
Dari perkuliahan kemarin saya mendapat sesuatu bahwa untuk menjadi sorang pendidik/guru harus dapat interaktif membangun komunikasi dengan para muridnya. Dimana seorang guru seharusnya dapat melakukan propaganda yang dapat membuat murid-muridnya menjadi semakin tertarik dalam mengikuti pelajaran.
Salah satu tugas guru adalah untuk mengusik pikiran siswa dengan melakukan propaganda agar siswa menjadi penasaran dan selalu ingin tahu.
Guru tidak harus selalu berbuat benar/ dalam mengajar dapat memungkinkan untuk melakukan suatu kesalahan agar murid-muridnya jauh lebih perhatian terhadap apa yang diajarkan.
Menurut Pak Marsigit kita benar-benar belum memahami pa yang sebenarnya hal-hal apa saja yang disampaikan pada perkuliahan umum kemarin. Kebanyakan dari kita hampir terpengaruh dengan pendapatnya mengenai pembelajaran baru yakni mengenai teori not understanding. Menurut beliau professor itu sendiri sangat kontradiktif terhadap apa yang disampaikannya berdasarkan hasil-hasil diskusi yang dilakukan oleh Pak Marsigit dengan professor itu.
How to establish my personal psychology?
Psikologi adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari tingkah laku manusia, baik sebagai individu maupun dalam berhubungan dengan lingkungannya. Tingkah laku tersebut bermacam-macam, baik tingkah laku yang tampak maupun tidak tampak, disadari dan tidak disadari. Shingga psikologi pendidikan matematika dapat diartikan sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari penerapan teori-terori psikologi dalam bidang pendidikan khususnya matematika.
Salah satu syarat utama untuk dapat melakukan pergaulan sosial dengan orang lain adalah dengan cara memiliki kemampuan untuk mengenali dirinya sendiri. Dengan mengenali diri sendiri, sesorang akan memiliki self-management yang baik.
Psikologi adalah suatu cabang ilmu mengenai sistem sosial dan sifat yang ada dalam diri manusia. Sehingga untuk membangun personal psychology, pertama-tama kita harus dapat memahami diri sendiri. Sedangkan pengenalan diri akan sangat membantu seseorang untuk dapat bersosialisasi dengan orang lain.
Jadi, sebenarnya untuk membangun dan membentuk psikologi diri, dimulai dari mengenali diri sendiri.
Beberapa soal test psikologi
- Komunikasi paling rendah adalah material
- Komunikasi paling tinggi adalah berdoa
- Komunikasi tulisan adalah formal
- Kebutuhan paling tinggi yang dibutuhkan oleh seseorang adalah aktualisasi diri
- Kebutuhan paling rendah yang dibutuhkan oleh seseorang adalah kebutuhan bawah sadar/insting seperti makan, sandang, berdoa, dll.
- Psikologi yang unpredictable dinamakan psikologi hologram
- Bila sesorang diberikan sesuatu kemudian dilihat dinamakan memiliki stimulus response
- Psikologi yang menyangkut perubahan tingkah laku adalah psikologi behavior
- Psikologi yang dilihat dari umur dinamakan psikologi pertumbuhan
- Psikologi orang tua dinamakan psikologi andragogi
- Mempelajari konsep siswa membangun matematika disebut konstruktif
- Bisa mempelajari berfikir setelah melihat bendanya dinamakan asteriori
- Pendapat sementara dari seseorang dinamakan hipotesis
- Sikap menentukan orang lain dinamakan dikterminis
- Hidup adalah pilihan merupakan psikologi reduksi
- Logika itu merupakan kebenarannya merupakan psikologi yang koheren
- Kita itu lahir dari jiwa/cinta
- Pembeda antara psikologi dengan ilmu wacana adalah fungsi control
- Kapan kita semua akan mati? Jawabannya adalah kapan saja/setiap saat
- Mengapa kita hidup? Kita hidup karena kita berpikir
- Menerapkan rumus, mempunyai pacar termasuk contoh dalam deduksi
- Nilai matematika itu meliputi struktur, logika, manfaatnya, keunikan
- Pemikiran yang ada diluar pikiran dinamakan transenden
- Berserah diri dengan nasib dinamakan fatal
- Tidak percaya terhadap takdir dinamakan vital
- Halusinasi dari pemandangan adalah fatamorgana
- Pusat jari-jari dari suatu lingkaran itu ada dimana-mana
- Seuatu yang ada dibalik penampakan itu adalah metafisik
- Berfikir paling tinggi adalah mengambil keputusan
- Menganggap paling sempurna adalah idealisasi
- Mengambil sebagian sikap adalh abstraksi
- Aspek psikologi meliputi pengertian psikologi, aktifitas berpikirm teori tentang berpikir, dan teori tentang belajar mengajar
- Sesuatu yang ada dalam diri kita adalah intrinsic
- Sesuatu yang adal di luar diri kita adalah ekstrinsik
- Seuatu hal yang paling tinggi adalah sistemik
- 2 macam intuisi secara filsafat/psikologi adalah ruang dan waktu
- Intuisi spiritual merupkan pencerahan dari arah yang tak tentu
- Mengambil sifat yang hanya akan dipelajari saja dinamakan abstracted
- Bentuk konkret adalah horizontal
- Hakekat matematika sekolah yakni pattern and relationship, investigation, communication, and problem solving
- Matematika yang ada dalam matematika realistic adalah matematika horizontal dan matematika vertical
- Orang paling sexy di dunia adalah Barrack Obama
- Skema dari hubungan adalah
Hati-doa-iman taqwa-spiritual-tuhan-agama
Pikiran-pengetahuan-ilmu
Kata-kata (bahasa lisan)
Tulisan (bahasa material)
Tindakan
Skema diatas saling berhubungan missal hubungan antara tindakan adalah tulisan, hubungan antara kata-kata dan tulisan adalah pikiran, dst.
- Anak emas dari reduksi adalah abstraksi dan eliminasi
Reflection
Immanuel Kahn membagi 2 dunia yakni fenomena sebagai dunia yang tampak dan naumena sebagai dunia yang tidak tampak.
Descrates memiliki arti meragukan semuanya, tidak dapat membedakan mimpi dan kenyataan, sebagai contoh merahukan Tuhan.
Skeptic merupakan meragukan atau memulai ilmu dengan keragu-raguan.
Setinggi-tinggi psikologi adalah menyaksikan kejadian psikologi itu sendiri.
Salah satu cirri-ciri orang yang tidak professional adalah mudah terkena ambifalensi atau lebih dimengerti atau dikenal dengan kontradiksi
